1. Proximal Soil Sensing Combined with Machine Learning for Estimation and Management of Soil Potassium Site Specifically

High-resolution data on soil potassium (K) is crucial to optimize variable rate potassium fertiliser recommendations and improve crop growth and yield. The portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) and portable gamma-ray spectroscopy (PGRS) enable onsite soil K analysis. However, using PXRF and PGRS often remains cumbersome, following the soil matrix's poor performance and complex nature, introducing background noise. The potential of spectral analysis based on machine learning (ML) combined with... S. Nawar